Assignment 205 Introduction to Duty of Care in Essays

Assignment 205 Introduction to Duty of Care in Essays Assignment 205 Introduction to Duty of Care in Essay Assignment 205 Introduction to Duty of Care in Essay Assignment 205introduction to duty of care in Health, social care or children’s And young people’s settings Task B Case Study Case Study One You are a support worker for Mrs Ahmed who is 89, physically frail and lives alone. She has diabetes. Mrs Ahmed wants to eat foods that are not suitable for her medical condition, and asks you to shop for her as she is not able to get the shop herself. BiDescribe the difficulties for you in exercising your duty of care and upholding Mrs Ahmed’s right to choose. I would consult Mrs Ahmed’s care plan, and advise her about your concerns that she follow a healthy diet, stressing that she will feel much better if she does so. I would also advise her about alternative foods. BiiWhere would you go to get advice, information and support to deal with the dilemma? I would seek advice and support from my manager, and get information from Mrs Ahmed’s care plan. Case Study Two Leon Quashie lives in supported housing. He has learning disabilities. You are his support worker. Leon tells you that he has a new friend who comes to his home and plays on his games console. A few days later you notice that the games console is missing. Leon tells you his new friend has borrowed it. BiiiDescribe the difficulties for you in exercising your duty of care to Leon and upholding his rights. As I am Leon’s support worker I would explain to him that I can call his friend and ask him to return the games console, if it does not get returned then I may have to inform the police. Also I would explain to Leon that I am there to protect him from being exploited or taken advantage of. I would explain to Leon he has a right to make mistakes and choose what he does with his possessions. Bivwhere could you go to get advice and support on how to ensure you uphold Leon’s rights but also follow your own duty of care? I would get advice from my manager, social worker and maybe the police. Task C Ciidentify a) Legal b) Organisational Requirements for dealing with complaints. a) The legal requirements are handled by CQC (care quality commission) b) Organisational requirements are Care home policies. (Manager) CiiComplaints may be received from service users, other practitioners, or the family of service users. Describe the important points to remember when responding to complaints. Listen to the complainant, give them your undivided attention, record the complaint accurately (check with the individual), tell them how and to whom the complaint will be reported to (show them your procedure), assure them that their complaint will receive attention and be resolved as soon as possible, report immediately and follow up, The complainant should be aware that their complaint has been taken seriously and a letter of acknowledgement should be sent out.

International Business - Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business - Global Marketing - Essay Example Most firms will be reluctant to enter countries that have high political risks unless the potential returns are high or when countries with high political risk are providers of raw material that are in short supply. Thus, inflation rates, balance of payments, exchange rate stability, government budgets and the record of growth will be considered to evaluate the prospects for economic instability or crisis. Environmental scanning, strategy development and consistent market and global industry monitoring are the main steps for successful operation oversees (Keegan, Green, 2003). 2. The organizational theory/management has a long history goes back to ancient times. The main stages of management history development coincide with the traditional stages of historical development. The first is the Ancient history including Sumerians, Egyptians, Babylonians (Hammurabi's Code), Hebrews (Jethro), when private merchants appeared. Scalar and Exception Principles were the core of management. It is possible to include the primitive stage into this classification, when collecting and primitive trade (interchange) existed, but this management process was not conscious, but rather intuitive. In Ancient East, China developed management thought based on a class principle (division of labor), generic and distinct management styles. Further, Alexander the Great developed a staff principle. During Medieval Period delegation principle and Mercantilism were developed. In their works Machiavelli and Thomas More discussed the principle of ideal organizational structure. Industrial period has lasted from 1765 to present time. This period is marked by a free market system of production, corporate culture and integration (R. Owen, A Ure). The XX century has evolved the main concepts of contemporary management practice utilizing the previous knowledge (Keynes). (Minor, 1995). 3. a). A company should use international division when it achieves competitive advantage in a national industry and requires executives and managers to maintain a well-defined strategic focus abroad. Their task is to guide marketing efforts, coordinate and direct activities and monitor economic environment of a country to predict possible opportunities and threats. International division will be able to maintain a strict control over trade and administrative activities in a foreign country, and reach wider target audience implementing advertising and promotion activities. A single organizational unit will help to deal with special environment of a foreign country. The international division cannot solve the problems of another layer of management if its budget is inadequate to this task. It cannot solve the problems outside its regional location (Keegan, Green, 2003). b). Global product structure is often considered as a separate marketing context requiring adaptations of the product, its price and the way it is promoted to account for differences in cultural expectations or constraints imposed by the governments of nation states. Geographic approach allows a firm to select particular markets similar to their organizational arrangements, which help to avoid a failure if products are not tailored to local markets. Such differences have led many firms to appoint local agents in different countries to

Empirical Techniques in Econometrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Empirical Techniques in Econometrics - Essay Example Econometrics is the application of statistical methods for solving the financial issues. It has many applications like – the effect of the economic conditions on the financial markets, the asset price derivations, predicting the future financial variables and other financial decision-makings. In econometrics there is a lack of adequate test data for applying the particular methodology, this is termed as the small samples problem. There are further constraints in Econometrics with respect to data revisions and the measurement error. These problems are generally faced due to the subsequent revisions in the reference data and the incorrect data estimation or incorrect measurement of data. The frequency of observation of the financial data has far-reaching implications. For the sake of understanding, just imagine the example of the prices of stocks in the share market, they are highly volatile and keep on changing every day, hour, minutes and so on. So to have precise knowledge of these prices one needs to have large quantum of data, in tens of thousands or in millions. Financial data are very noisy in the sense that it is highly difficult to draw a certain pattern or trend from the available data. In other sense the data doesn’t have a specific distribution. But approximations are applied for modeling of the market and for analyzing the future trends, values of financial variables.... sections, e.g. the weekly prices of mid cap shares over the period of five years. Cointergration: The macroeconomics and financial economics has empirical research based on time series. The macroeconomic time series has a nonstationarity property, which means that the variable doesn't return to a constant value or a linear trend. The stationary processes has a basic tendency of moving around a linear value i.e. the mean value and its fluctuation from this value is termed as the deviation. The variables such as employment, asset prices, gross domestic product follow a nonstationarity property and possess stochastic trends. Consider the trend in the financial return series like the rate of change of daily exchange rate. The figure shows the volatility of returns. Fig.1 Earlier it was a general practice to estimate nonstationary process equations in macroeconomic models by the simple linear regression. Clive Granger (1981) proposed a solution to the time series by a simple regression equation: (1) where, = dependent variable = single exogenous regressor = white noise To stress the solution, Granger defined the degree of integaration of the variable. Suppose a variable can be made nearly stationary by differencing it d times, then it can be termed as integrated of order d or I(d). Stationary random variables are I(0). In equation (1), if I(1) and I(1), then I(1). But there exists an important exception, if I(0) then I(0). The linear combination, holds same statistical properties as an I(0) variable. This

The Football Association Essay Example for Free

The Football Association Essay There are ranges of regional and international Governing Bodies that manage the game of football, throughout the world and many different countries. Governing Bodies keep the rules of the game in check and all conform to one set of international rules. This is why it is so important to have Governing Bodies  FIFA  FIFA is a world Governing Body that is committed by its Statutes not only to the positive promotion of football through development programmes, but also to supervising international competitions and to safeguarding the sport and its good image against abuse of its rules and regulations. And FIFA sees to it that the game is played to one unified set of rules, the Laws of the Game, all over the world. UEFA  One of UEFAs responsibilities as a confederation of world footballs governing body FIFA is to organise and stage European competitions for clubs and national teams. In total, 13 competitions are currently organised by UEFA, with nine for national representative teams and four for clubs.  AFC  The Asian Football Confederation was established in 1954 to promote and manage the development of professional football in the Asia-Pacific region. The Confederation is responsible for major Asian football events such as the Asian Cup for national teams, as well as the Asian Super Cup, the Club Championship and the Cup Winners Cup for club teams throughout the region. CAF  The African Football Confederation was founded in 1957 by Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and South Africa, it now consists of all African National Football Associations, which are members of FIFA and recognized by it as the official bodies controlling football in their respective countries.  CONCACAF  The official site of the FC, the Confederation of North, Central, American, and Caribbean Association Football, one of six FIFA world Confederations serving as the governing body of soccer in this part of the world. It is composed of 38 members, spanning from Canada in the north to Surinam in the south. The FC organizes competitions for national teams and clubs. Setting the Standard  The Football Association, through its Charter Standard scheme, seeks to establish, reward and encourage good practice at grass roots levels so that parents and children can demand a minimum standard of provision from schools, clubs and holiday courses.  The F.A.s Football Development Team works with County Associations, leagues, clubs and schools all round the country to award Charter Standards to deserving recipients. As set out by Chairman Geoff Thompson, reflects The FAs principle vision of using the power of football to build a better future. By building relationships with the football family around the world, The FA aims to lead by example and shape the debate at UEFA and FIFA level by playing a full and proactive role within world football. It is also committed to using Englands resources, expertise and knowledge in co-operation with less-privileged regions of the world to develop their football infrastructure Football is truly a global sport, explains Geoff Thompson, And The FA is committed to playing a role, extending a helping hand and building solid links around the world.  Since its inception in October 2000, the International Relations team of Jane Bateman and Kim Fisher supported by Morag Taylor and led by The FAs Director of International Strategy David Davies, can claim an impressive range of achievements in both fields. At the heart of it is The FAs International Development Programme (IDP), through which projects have been initiated in all regions of the world, ranging from goalkeeping courses to marketing, sports medicine, refereeing and administration workshops, each targeted at the specific needs of the country or countries involved. The FA also holds annual international courses in England for fitness trainers, treatment and management of injuries, referees, football administration and coaches. The Goal Scheme  Child protection is high on The FAs agenda. The goal is to have someone at every club in the country aware of child protection and best practice, whether its a Premiership Academy or a Sunday morning park side.  Already 40,000 people have attended The FAs Child protection and best practice workshops. These are organised via County FAs on a regular basis. Now, The FA has launched a guide an introduction to child protection that can be worked through at home. The FA believes football can have a powerful positive influence on children. But that means everyone involved in football must take on the responsibility of looking after those children that want to play the game.  Goal is about doing things the right way, doing things properly. Its about allowing children to enjoy the game without abuse of any kind. That means bullying, physical, emotional or sexual abuse and neglect. Setting Standards  The Charter for Quality is The Football Associations programme to ensure and guarantee that the development of the countrys best young footballers meets the highest possible standards.  By building on the best traditions of this country and learning from techniques employed abroad, The FA has built a framework of excellence, which is being put into practice at clubs up and down the country. Doping In Football  Allegations and evidence of doping over the past few years have rocked the football world. However, is there reluctance within the game to properly fight against the spread of banned substances use?  An agreement over a new guideline that athletes found guilty of serious doping is subject to a mandatory two-year ban. However, FIFA argued there might be exceptional circumstances and Blatter is committed to define these exceptional circumstances in clearer terms. This points to a reluctance to come down too heavy on offenders.  Perhaps this is not surprising when one considers the wider cultural context within which FIFA makes its policies.

Mind Identity Problem :: essays research papers

What is the definition of identity? Better yet, what is the definition of the mind and a person? There are so many definitions for identity but the definition according to www.onelook.com is the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity. This defines identity the way I define it because, I think, personality serves as an important identifying factor for people. What makes a person a person and not like everyone else? Personality. So what is the mind? We all have personalities that make us different but make us who we are. No one person is the same as another, not even twins are exactly alike. Identical twins can be alike in every way but they have distinctive personalities that separate them as individual people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So would we view Harry as a person and afford him the right to live as one? I think not. You must be a human being to have an identity. Even if he were cloned from a persons DNA, he would still be a man-made creation; made up of machine parts with mechanical views, programmed by a human. A human is defined as homo sapiens (Homo, genus name + sapiens, specific epithet, from Latin, wise, intelligent), per www.meriam-webster.com. We have intelligence and character as humans, homo sapien wise and possess intelligence that is learned not programmed. Not in the same way as an animal learns because we learn through reading, research, school, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hume believed that the mind made the person and the body served as a housing unit so to speak. But does it not take a combination of things to characterize a person? If we held the same view, as Hume would Harry qualify as a person? I say no because Harry has artificial intelligence. Intelligence created and installed through computer chips by people does not qualify as a characteristic to afford you the right to be treated as and have the same rights as a person. We are not programmed with computer chips or machines but flesh and blood. We possess a brain that we use in learning and that scientists use to create the computer chips that bring things like Harry to life.

Cisco’s It Implementation of an Organizational Change

Introduction Today’s world calls for a pressing need to utilize the I. T services and resources whilst reducing the cost in order to improve organizational wide productivity. There are many CEO’s of the business world today that suggest the top priority of an any organization is to possess the ability to develop a sense of new ideas and innovations. (Porter, Stern & Council on Competitiveness, 1999). The term â€Å"innovation† used by organization’s simply illustrates the invention of a new product, processes and systems that which are simply created to adapt to the constant change in markets, technologies as well as modes of competition. D’Aveni, 1994; Dougherty & Hardy, 1996; Utterback, 1994). Porras & Silvers (1991) also analyses the organizational change and its importance in the emerging contrast between Cisco IT Network and Data Centre Services (NDCS) which was switched from using a conventional organizational model to Cisco’s own lifec ycle model, along with substantial operations improvements across five various metrics. This contrast is sufficiently pervasive in recent work and sufficiently central in the conceptualization of change that has been used and it as the framework that organizes has review.This report will illustrate a framework aimed at managers that shows the process of innovation can be a managing change, service support and service performance within an organization. However, it is evident that managing the complex and the risky process of innovation has been proven to be problematic and laden with difficulty. (Kanter, 1989; Quinn, 1985). An extensive review based on relevant literature, supported by a development of logical and well justified arguments of the capability of innovation.We will also examine the methodology of CISCO Lifecycle in terms of behavior shift, transition process along with the successful innovations that contains the core elements and processes regardless of the industry or firm. High performing innovators are also able to harness this innovation meta-capability in order to achieve outstanding performance. An interview conducted by Dr Joseph Fiksel for the Journal of Sustainable Product Design claims that it is vital to not only understand how the process functions as well as gaining an understanding of the entire culture of the product development community.Dr Joseph debates that â€Å"product design developers tend to be arrogant but are however generally skillful and creative individuals possess strong engineering skills†. These individuals tend to be very suspicious of anyone who renders their services as well anyone who seems to come in their way to complicate their hectic lives. (Charter, 1998) Analysis of CISCO IT Lifecycle Methodology As for enterprise’s such Cisco whom are moving from the traditional technology (Silo-based organizational structure) to a lifecycle-based model will be a substantial improvement operation across fiv e various metrics. Lowe, 2009). This change will solve the issue of duplication and lack of focus across the organization. Stereotypically, most government classification schemes along with management and economics literatures considers services as anything that is not tangible, manufactured goods that are consumed as it is produced and sold. Take for instances, the industry that we use in this paper; software product business is classified as service business by the United States government’s standard under the classification scheme.Traditionally the development of ASIC’s within a company such as Cisco has been tightly coupled with the development of a single end product. However, the rising cost associated with development of high end ASIC’s has forced a behavior shift in the ASIC’s development process. Research findings â€Å"process view† and â€Å"integration† conducted by Seethamraju (2012). Though business processes have been subjecte d to a formal study via multiple perspectives for a period of time dating to the start of the industrial age. There processes were still not quite well understood and were left unmanaged and poorly executed. CISCO I.T could have implemented other methodologies such as Phased Methodology or Business Process Modeling (BPM). We have concluded that these methodologies have evolved through various stages from the early 1700’s as â€Å"division of labor†. This was when manufacturing first moved into factories from the cottage industry. These methodologies is not only executed by conventional business but is tailored for all sorts of organizations such as government agencies, departments, charities, mutual and cooperatives as well as many others. An example that can be used is the â€Å"Six Sigma† was first developed by Motorola Inc, in the mid 1980’s.This methodology provides extensive â€Å"Six Sigma† training and consultancy services. Accordng to Motor ola I. T â€Å"Six Sigma is a highly disciplined process that helps us focus on developing and delivering close to perfect products and services. This system drives clarity around business strategies and the metrics that reflect success with strategy. Through experience, Motorola has learned that discipline use of metrics and applications of this methodology is still not sufficient to drive a desired breakthrough for improvements and results that are sustainable over a period of time.Discuss the insight and learning’s from the case that you consider could be applied to your own situation. Before proceeding further to a methodology that I may apply to my own case scenario, I will first examine my strength and limitations. After carefully considering the challenges I might incur, different techniques have been used in order to generate more accurate customer information and the insight to their problems. A major approach to gain a better understanding of customer needs has be lead-user innovation. (Von Hippel, Thomke & Sonnack, 1999).However, I find that the lack of metrics and ineffective measurements will be the perfect method to be applied in these circumstances. As the global increase of competitive advantages on how business are conducted, Information technology has become an increasingly important tool especially with I. T service industries such as CISCO, where productivity could be enhanced by using the efficient resources made available by reducing cost. During the initial stages, CISCO was using a traditional silo-ed organizational structure in which staffs are involved in doing both the implementation and operational work.The difference between the traditional, heavily statist system and the unequal liberal system is that both are equally inefficient when providing the public goods or services. Various authors (Jenson 2004, Levesque et al. 2005) point to the silent reconfiguration of the welfare state which started two decades ago under the in fluence of NGOs, associations, the community sector and the third sector. The limitations under this structure are duplications of work by staffs and the lack of a clear focus. These factors have further influenced the company to search for an alternative structure that would be compatible with its standards.Cisco advanced service’ Network Availability Improvement Service organization (NAIS) was asked to identify areas that require changes along with making recommendations on how this can be achieved. NAIS uses Operational Risk Management Analysis to assess people, process and tools that limit operational risk. Thus, a clear roadmap for operational excellence is designed to improve best practices (Chan, & Mauborgne, 1997). This can also be used in any organization at any level of process work. While it's particularly useful for handling large-scale process redesigning, it is also useful when working on a single process.Through this process the traditional organizational struc ture was changed to Cisco’s Lifecycle structure which later proved to be more efficient and effective. (Behrendt, 1997) According to the Life Cycle Design principles, interdisciplinary teamwork of multi stakeholders is essential in life cycle design. Interdisciplinary cooperation in a complex problem or task like Life Cycle Design, that includes different aspects, demands active participation and involvement of different specialists in order to succeed in the effective implementation of product life cycle design.How will you apply these insights and learning’s in your current or future endeavors as a manager? Through the implementation Cisco’s lifecycle methodology which helps solves the business problems comprises of six lifecycle processes in which each stage articulates concepts in broader views. (Clegg, 1999). Through this new structure in place the organization first determines its financial strengths before new projects are accepted and the implications in the near future regardless whether the organization has the resources to handle the technology.My opinion calls for the needs of managers to coordinate daily operations in which will cultivate innovation and change within their companies. However, the need to manage competencies is often viewed as a hindrance in the development of successful innovations. Activities such as manufacturing and marketing are seen as the key to current success with organizational processes built around stability, efficiency and profitability in generating a cash flow.Processes that are developed such as â€Å"programming† mainstream business units to perform routines, formalize structures and also not to think outside the box (Starbuck, 1983). An eloquent business design which entails business goals and technical requisites would foster a high performance service delivery. Staff skill improvements are important as it enhances the productivity and reduces excessive wastage. This new model also hel ps the organization in reducing its operating expenses and at the same time helps maintain the enhanced performance of service delivery and proactively responding to corresponding events happening.Teece & Pisano (1994) suggest that further development of the area proposing dynamic capabilities theories such as â€Å"subset of the competences and capabilities will allow the firm to create new products, processes and respond to the changing market. A continuous improvement in every aspect of the organization is very critical to its survival as there is a highly competitive market. There should be optimal utilization of resources and advantages. Give your strengths and limitations, what might be the challenges for you in applying these insights and how could you try to meet these challenges?It is highly noted that a behavioral shift of Cisco’s traditional structure to the new lifecycle model has increased the competitive advantage of the company amongst its competitors in the m arket. This shift would have a very significant effect both within employees (internally) and customers (externally). Tidd, et al. (2001). An approach of creative techniques for problem solving can further be utilized to exploit all avenues of defect, where all issues would be firmly accessed and analyzed with the required manner and tools.Addressing the observed limitations of life cycle approaches and how I might face the challenges of today, I will consider both the analytical and the practical approaches in which I think has room improvement. Firstly I will improve the coverage of impacts, and the reliability, accessibility and practical applicability; by doing so it will make the results easier in practice. A life cycle analysis program was designed to which specific structural and material information is used for the comparison of a set of alternatives design material modification schemes (Bahia et al. 2012) this can also lead to a release of fumes during mixing and laying dow n processes (Miller & Bahia, 2009). Allowing results to be seen in the future with a balanced view by weighing your organization's desires against competitive realities. The best possible decision that can be achieved here to obtain maximum results can be achieved using limited resources that are made available. The new Cisco lifecycle methodology is an appropriate tool where other businesses can transform their operational structure from the conventional structure to a more result orientated structure.These methodologies are said to be tailored to suit all businesses due to its comprehensive and broad analysis of events carried out within the organizational structure. This methodology can also provide clear focus and distention of work in which every employee or department is to carry out. The efficiency of service has well improved as there is a timely intervention of any problem by the staffs with the required skills and expertise thus the standard tools are at their disposal. Th erefore, it can be recommended to other businesses that are having problems with their traditional structure to adapt to the Cisco lifecycle methodology.Conclusion What we have discussed here are the most common used in business today, even as organization look forward in the ability to develop new ideas and innovation and still new products, processes and system required for adapting to changing markets, technologies and modes of competition, as managers show that innovation can be managing change in service support and service performance within organizations. But this process of innovation can be risky. This paper report illustrates a logical view in terms of behavioral shift in the methodology of CISCO IT Lifecycle and its transition process regardless of the industry or firm.This methodology does not only illustrates how the process functions but it also helps us to gain a better understanding of the whole culture of product development community reaffirming the argument that p roduct design developers are arrogant however are generally talented and are creative individuals References Andriopoulos, C. & Lowe, A. (2000). ‘Enhancing organizational creativity: the process of perpetual challenging’. Management Decision. Behrendt S. , Jasch Chr. , Peneda M. C. , H. van Weenen (1997), Life Cycle Design: A Manual for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Institute fur Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung, SpringerCharter, M. (1998), The Journal of Sustainable Product Design, interview with Dr Joseph Fiksel, April 1998, p. 49-52 Chan, K. W. & Mauborgne, R. (1997). ‘Value Innovation: The Strategic Logic of High Growth’. Harvard Business Review. Clegg, B. (1999). Creativity and innovation for managers. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Hassan A. Tabatabaee, Hussain U. Bahia(2012). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. , Room 3350, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Jenson, J. 2004), Catc hing Up to Reality: Building the Case for a New Social Model, CPRN Social Architecture Papers, Research Report F|35, Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc. (CPRN). Kanter, R. M. (1989) Swimming in newstreams: Mastering innovation dilemmas. California Management Review, 45–69 Levesque, B. and F. Lajeunesse-Crevier (2005), â€Å"Innovations et transformations sociales dans le developpement economique et le developpement social: approches theoriques et politiques publiques†, Cahiers du CRISES Collection Etudes theoriques, No. 07. Mark D. Abkowitz (Mar 31, 2008), Operational Risk Management : A Case Study Approach to Effective Planning and Response John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , Chichester. Miller, T. , and Bahia, H. U. , (2009). Sustainable Asphalt Pavements: Technologies, Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities, Modified Asphalt Research Center. Ravi Seethamraju, (2012) â€Å"Business process management: a missing link in business education†, Business Process Manageme nt Journal, Vol. 18 Iss: 3, pp. 532 – 547. Starbuck, W. H. (1983) Organisations as action generators.American Journal of Sociology, 48(1), 91–115. Teece, D. J. & Pisano, G. (1994) The dynamic capability of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 537–556. Tidd, J. , Bessant, J. & Pavitt, K. (2001). Managing innovation: Integrating technological, market and organizational change (2nd ed. ). Wiltshire: John Wiley. Quinn, J. B. (1985) Managing innovation: Controlled chaos. Harvard Business Review, May–June, 73–84 Von Hippel, E. , Thomke, S. & Sonnack, M. (1999) Creating breakthroughs at 3 m. Harvard Business Review, September–October, 47–57.

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